Symptoms of Glaucoma (Green Cataract)

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Glaucoma, also called green cataract, causes gradual visual field loss that is often detected late and may increase fall risk in older adults [1].

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Early Symptoms

In the early stages, most people notice little or no change. When symptoms do appear, they often include:

• Difficulty noticing objects from the side

• A feeling that the visual field is narrowing

• Increased uncertainty in unfamiliar environments

Since changes occur gradually, many people adapt without realizing their vision is declining.

Visual Field Loss – The Most Common Sign

The hallmark symptom of glaucoma is loss of peripheral vision, sometimes described as “tunnel vision” [1].

This may lead to:

• Missing steps

• Not seeing furniture at the side

• Difficulty navigating crowded spaces

• Bumping into door frames

In advanced stages, central vision can also become affected.

Acute Glaucoma – Rare but Serious

A less common form is acute angle-closure glaucoma. In this case, eye pressure rises rapidly and causes clear symptoms:

• Severe eye pain

• Headache

• Nausea

• Sudden vision loss

This is a medical emergency and requires immediate care [1].

Symptoms and Aging

The risk of glaucoma increases with age, particularly after 60–65 years [1]. Because early glaucoma is often symptom-free, regular eye examinations are important in later life.

Many cases are detected during routine eye exams.

Glaucoma and Fall Risk

Peripheral vision is essential for detecting obstacles and movement in the environment. When it declines, the risk increases for:

• Tripping over objects

• Missing steps

• Feeling unsteady while walking

Research shows that visual field loss is associated with increased risk of falls and fractures in older adults [2].

Because vision changes occur slowly, individuals may be unaware that their visual field has narrowed, further increasing fall risk.

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek medical evaluation or schedule an eye exam if you:

• Have a family history of glaucoma

• Notice changes in your visual field

• Feel increasingly unsteady while walking

Early detection and treatment can slow disease progression.

More information is available via 1177 Vårdguiden [1].

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