Symptoms of Macular Degeneration in the Macula

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Macular degeneration in the macula reduces central vision and may increase fall risk in older adults [1]. Detailed vision is affected while peripheral vision is usually preserved.

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Early Symptoms

Symptoms often develop gradually, especially in dry AMD.

Common early signs include:

• Blurred vision in the center

• Difficulty reading small print

• Increased need for bright light

• Reduced contrast sensitivity

Many people first notice difficulty reading despite having the correct glasses.

Distorted Lines

A typical symptom is that straight lines appear bent or wavy.

This may be noticed when:

• Tile lines look uneven

• Door frames seem curved

• Text appears distorted

This is an important warning sign, especially in wet AMD.

Dark or Blurred Spot in the Center

As the disease progresses, a dark or blurred spot may appear in the center of vision.

This can lead to:

• Difficulty recognizing faces

• Trouble reading entire words

• Problems seeing fine details

Peripheral vision is usually preserved.

Rapid Vision Loss in Wet AMD

In the more aggressive form, wet AMD, vision can deteriorate quickly.

Symptoms may include:

• Sudden worsening of central vision

• Increased distortion

• Rapid development of a dark central spot

This requires prompt medical evaluation.

Symptoms and Aging

The risk of macular degeneration increases significantly after age 65 [1]. Because the condition mainly affects older adults, it often occurs alongside other age-related changes.

Macular Degeneration and Fall Risk

Reduced central vision affects:

• Depth perception

• Contrast sensitivity

• The ability to judge steps and level changes

This may make it harder to:

• See the edge of a step

• Detect uneven flooring

• Judge distances accurately

Research shows that visual impairment is associated with increased risk of falls and fractures in older adults [2].

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek medical attention if you notice:

• Distorted straight lines

• Sudden worsening of central vision

• A dark spot in the center of your vision

Early detection is especially important to slow disease progression.

More information is available via 1177 Vårdguiden [1].

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